stutthof concentration camp guards

She was recorded to have been 6ft 3 and known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her merciless beatings of female prisoners. (08.08.2019), One of the last trials against an ex-concentration camp guard began Thursday in Hamburg. Theres more about Stutthofs history at the Holocaust Research Project, and at the current memorial facilitys home page. In a 2017 book, Holocaust survivor Lina Haag claimed Lichtenberg prisoners were stripped naked and tied to wooden posts, where Maria Mandl would then beat us mercilessly until she could no longer lift her arm., Mandl looked for women who had broken the rules by curling their hair and even one single curl would mean a woman was kicked to the ground and beaten around the head, or she would shave their head and parade them around the camp with a sign around their neck that read: I broke the rules and curled my hair.. In perhaps the last ever Nazi war crimes trial, Irmgard Furchner attended court in Germany for more than a year as prosecutors outlined their case against her. Although Bruno D. is 93, he is being tried in a juvenile court because he was 17 in August 1944 when he started working as a guard at Stutthof, set up by the Nazis in the territory of the former Free City of Danzig, now known as Gdansk and part of modern Poland. Some 65,000 of them died as victims of the Nazis, by starvation, typhoid, lethal injection or gas. Another former Nazi camp guard, who is 101-years-old, was sentenced to five years in prison for being an accessory to murder in 3,500 cases at the . TheUntoldPast has the right to delete any comment with this content inside it and also ban the user from the channel. On this date in 1946, officials of Soviet-occupied Poland publicly hanged eleven convicted war criminals of the Stutthof concentration camp. We will rise again and we will destroy ALL of you scum who revel in this disgusting obscene filth. Campo de Concentracion Stutthof, Polonia (Concentration Camp Stutthof, Poland). They were cut off by advancing Soviet forces. [5] It is estimated that between 63,000 and 65,000 prisoners of Stutthof concentration camp and its subcamps died as a result of murder, starvation, epidemics, extreme labour conditions, brutal and forced evacuations, and a lack of medical attention. By the end of the war at least 110,000 were deported there, including Jewish detainees and Soviet prisoners of war. Wegerer told the trial that in 1941, a lampshade made of tanned, tattooed human skin was being prepared for Koch and that she arrived at the infirmary to choose among the available tanned, parchment-thin human skins, the ones with suitable tattoos, for the lampshade.. Why Are There Superstitions Around Black Cats? Your email address will not be published. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malmo, Sweden, and released to the care of that neutral country. Landmark trial Bruno D. came to the. Many were former waitresses, cooks, and hairdressers who job postings in the newspaper. Last modified on Tue 6 Nov 2018 18.34 EST. Key and copyright. Twelve were sentenced to death, including the commander of the guards Johann Pauls, while the remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. The remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. She was known for whipping prisoners with her riding crop as she rode past and, according to some accounts, forcing them to have sex with her. It is totally illegal, hanging has to be done in a certain way and this was certainly not. It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. The area was secluded: to the north was the Bay of Danzig, to the east the Vistula Bay, and to the west the Vistula River. AP . "Our group was marched out of Stutthof on 26 April. At a hill in Gdansk known as Biskupia Gorka (Bishop Hill), upon a specially-erected row of four T-shaped double gallows centered around a pi-shaped triple gallows, and before a crowd of thousands, the doomed eleven were noosed on the back of military trucks which then drove away to leave them strangling to death with a short drop hanging. Established on September 2, 1939, Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders during World War II. Though there is no evidence linking him to a specific killing, prosecutors argue that as a guard he helped the camp function and "supported the insidious and cruel killing of mainly Jewish prisoners.". A total of 295 women guards worked as staff in the Stutthof complex of camps. She also personally selected women and children for the gas chambers, on one occasion, in 1944, sending 3,000 to their death. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. 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Thanks, Max the link is fixed in the entry now as well. Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the village of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Danzig in the territory of the German-annexed Free City of Danzig.The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish . Wow, Geocities links. PD-Polish Public Domain. In 1944, as forced labor by concentration camp prisoners became increasingly important in armaments production, a Focke-Wulff airplane factory was constructed at Stutthof. I wish many more Nazis suffered the same fate. TTY: 202.488.0406, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, Nazi Territorial Aggression: The Anschluss, Ministry of Propaganda and Public Enlightenment, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. If convicted, he faces a possible six months to 10 years in prison. It was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fences. Often low paid workers who took the roles to earn more cash, they were trained at the all-women Ravensbruck camp, in Northern Germany, where they became hardened to the cruel torture of inmates and learned to administer punishments with boots, truncheons, whips and riding crops. Karl Koch was hanged in 1944, for embezzling millions from wealthy Germans and, in 1950, Ilse was jailed for life in Germany, for war crimes. One prominent inmate and survivor of the Stutthof concentration camp was member of parliament for the Communist Party of Denmark Martin Nielsen, who detailed his deportation to, experience in and ensuing death march from the camp in his book Rapport fra Stutthof ('Report from Stutthof'). The selection process for these guards was lax. Female guards of the Stutthof Concentration Camp at a Gdask war trial held before the Special Law Court between 25th April and 31st May of 1946, Poland. She was 36. The second trial was held from 8 October to 31 October 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Gas chambers had been in operation in Nazi death camps since 1942 in German-occupied Poland but it was not until June 1944 that Zyklon B gas was used at Stutthof. Tens of thousands of people, perhaps as many as 100,000, were deported to the Stutthof camp. Stutthof female SS guards trial.jpg 1,209 799; 294 KB Wanda Klaff (cropped).jpg 232 345; 39 KB Categories: Executions of individuals consequent to Nazism Female guards in Nazi concentration camps Stutthof concentration camp Gallows in Poland Biskupia Grka Gdask in the 1940s 1946-07-04 Public execution Non-topical/index: Berlin CNN A former secretary from the Stutthof Nazi concentration camp has been charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people, German prosecutors said Friday, in what is a rare. 1. He was executed November 8 in Wloclawek[7][8]. This week, a 95-year-old woman was arrested in Germany and charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people - the first such case in recent years. Anyone marching who didn't have the strength was shot," said Mr Goldberg. The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by barbed-wire fences. The fifth trial was held before the court in Toru in 1949. Former Stutthof prisoners volunteered to serve as executioners for the public hanging on July 4, 1946. Naukowiec w III Rzeszy [Professor Rudolf Spanner 1895-1960: A Scientist in the Third Reich], Piotr Semkw", Soap from Human Fat: The Case of Professor Spanner, "The Danzig Soap Case: Facts and Legends around "Professor Spanner" and the Danzig Anatomic Institute 1944-1945", "Zakoczono ledztwo w gonej "sprawie profesora Spannera", "Human Fat Was Used to Produce Soap in Gdansk during the War", "Stutthof (Sztutowo): Full Listing of Camps, Poland", "Holocaust trial: Germany tries former SS guard at Stutthof camp", "Johann Rehbogen: Former SS guard, 94, on trial over deaths at Stutthof concentration camp", "German court stops trial of former death-camp guard", "German court: Trial of Nazi guard unlikely to be restarted", "Former Nazi camp guard to go on trial in Hamburg", "Nazi concentration camp guard convicted over 5,232 murders", "96-Year-Old Former Nazi Death Camp Secretary Goes on Trial Over Murders of 11,000 People - October 20, 2021", "German Court to Try 96-Year-Old Over Time at Nazi Concentration Camp", "German Court Convicts 97-Year-Old Ex-Secretary At Nazi Camp - December 20, 2022", "Poland asked to explain naked Nazi gas chamber video", "Outrage Over Naked Game of Tag Played in Nazi Gas Chamber", "Outrage Over Museum's Video-Art Display of a Nude Game of Tag in Gas Chamber", Stutthof National Museum. Those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed in the camp's small gas chamber. The sixth and the last Stutthof trial in Poland took place in 1953 also in Gdask. Braunstein was sentenced to three years in jail by a British court in 1958 and emigrated to the US, where she married a construction worker. In total, as many as 110,000 people were deported to the camp in the course of its existence. The 92-year-old Israeli citizentraveled to Germany to give evidence in the trial of Bruno D., a former SS private accused of 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murderat Stutthof from 1944 to 1945. [1] When the Soviet army began its advance through German-occupied Estonia in July and August 1944, the camp staff of Klooga concentration camp evacuated the majority of the inmates by sea and sent them to Stutthof. Dave with an atitude like that you should be #12. At her 1945 trial, survivor Dora Silverberg testified that Juana knocked her teeth out when she reported that her friend was very sick and couldnt walk to the working site because she was so weak. The first trial was held from 25 April to 31 May 1946, against 30 ex-officials and prisoner-guards of the camp. It was during this time as a slave labourer that he met lifelong friend Zigi Shipper. About 3,700 out of the 55,000 guards in the camps were women. Read about our approach to external linking. Do you know this baby? Getting to Stutthof. Among the 55,000 guards at the concentration camps, 10,000 were women and they were trained to be every bit as vicious as their male counterparts. The major subcamps were in Toru (Thorn) and in Elblg (Elbing). But the Buchenwald Memorial Foundation says two credible witnesses, Austrian prisoner Dr. Gustav Wegerer, who ran the infirmary, and Josef Ackermann, a political prisoner and secretary of the camp doctor, confirmed the existence of the lamp. [1] None of the Stutthof commandants were ever tried in Poland. Six Polish prisoners, known as kapos, who oversaw forced labor within the camp. Medycyna na usugach systemu eksterminacji ludnoci w Trzeciej Rzeszy i na terenach okupowanej Polski. Germany: Ex-Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him. The first trial of Stutthof criminals took place in 1946 in Gdansk, with Barkmann standing trial alongside 13 other defendants: During the trial, Barkmann flirted with guards, obsessed over her hair, and inappropriately giggled at times. The 92-year-old Israeli citizen traveled to Germany to give evidence in the trial of Bruno D., a former SS private accused of 5,230 counts of being an accessory to murder at Stutthof from 1944 to. The only survivor who gave evidence in person to the Furchner trial, Josef Salomonovic, described it as the worst of eight concentration camps he was forced to endure. The second trial was held from October 8, 1947, to October 31, 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. RIDING through the grounds of Buchenwald concentration camp in Germany, Ilse Koch spotted a tattooed prisoner and pointed him out to a nearby guard - sealing his gruesome fate. Stutthof was the first Nazi concentration camp to be established on Polish soil, and the last to be dissolved, it grew from 4 to 120 hectares, from 250 prisoners to a maximum of 52,000 prisoners at one time, the SS staff and guards numbered 1,056 on 1 January 1945. The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish leaders and intelligentsia. Bruno Dey was convicted of complicity in mass murder there last year and given a suspended sentence, Who is Rod Ponton and why has he gone viral? On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Initially, in Auschwitz, the camp numbers were sewn on the clothes; with the increased death rate, it became difficult to identify corpses, since clothes were removed from corpses.Therefore, the medical personnel started to write the numbers . Although the guards at Stutthof were already expected to treat the prisoners ruthlessly, Jenny Barkmann stood out for her exceptional cruelty. It was not until 2017 that he returned to Stutthof as part of a visit by the Prince and Princess of Wales and discovered to his surprise that the camp's gas chambers were still intact. Find topics of interest and explore encyclopedia content related to those topics, Find articles, photos, maps, films, and more listed alphabetically, Recommended resources and topics if you have limited time to teach about the Holocaust, Explore the ID Cards to learn more about personal experiences during the Holocaust. [13] Other sources say that the camp staff shot most remaining inmates in a mass murder. All were found guilty and eleven were sentenced to death, including the Commandant Johann Pauls. There she became known as the "Sadist of Stutthof" due to her brutal beatings of prisoners. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was built in 1939 as the first Nazi camp outside Germany's borders in World War Two. The prisoners were mainly non-Jewish Poles. Survivors testified that she seemed to derive sexual pleasure from her sadistic acts. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. 99 . Quiz: How well do you know US presidents? This blog has been around for a while. Standing at 6ft 3in, Hertha Botte was an imposing figure, who also stood out from other SS guards because she wore civilian clothing instead of the hated uniform. He was also tried in juvenile court despite his age, because his crimes were committed when he was a minor. The fourth and final trial was also held before a Polish Special Criminal Court, from 19 November to 29 November 1947. from. It was in 1943 that Stutthof's population of detainees was dramatically enlarged, from a capacity of 4,000 to 25,000. Hitler shot his brains out in despair. Asia Shindelman said many prisoners had to walk hundreds of kilometres with little clothing for the cold weather. Prosecutors say he was a "cog" in Nazi Germany's "murderous machinery." The third trial was held from 5 November to 10 November 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. (17.10.2019). Former farmworker Irma Grese had wanted to become a nurse but, at 17, the labour exchange sent her to work at Ravensbrck concentration camp - which held 132,000 women throughout the war. National Socialism is destruction , terror, repression, waste, and death. Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its allies established more than 44,000 camps and other incarceration sites (including ghettos). Edited by G. ukomski, G. Kucharski. As I was lying on the ground she kept kicking. A former SS guard at a concentration camp, charged with aiding and abetting hundreds of murders, is standing trial in Mnster's district court. The Stutthof concentration camp is less well known than the camps at Auschwitz, Buchenwald or Dachau. [33] In February 2019 the trial of a defendant matching this description (whom Reuters reported could not be named for legal reasons) was halted after a medical report was issued stating that the defendant was unfit to stand trial, the trial already having been suspended since the previous December. Any woman, even without work experience, could become a concentration camp guard. In recent years, prosecutors have successfully convicted former death camp guards using the argument that by helping to operate camps like Auschwitz and Sobibor, they were accessories to the. [13], In October 2019, Bruno Dey from Hamburg was accused of contributing to the killings of 5,230 prisoners at Stutthof camp between 1944 and 1945. [23][22][29], The main German concentration camp in Stutthof had as many as 40 sub-camps during World War II. [2], During the first trial held at Gdask from April 25, 1946, to May 31, 1946, the joint Soviet/Polish Special Criminal Court tried and convicted of crimes against humanity a group of thirteen ex-officials and overseers of the Stutthof concentration camp in Sztutowo and its Bromberg-Ost subcamp for women located in the city of Bydgoszcz. A much higher total was reported by Colonel Howard A. Buechner, the chief medical officer of the 45th Infantry Division, who was at the camp during and after the liberation. The town of Sztutowo (Polish name for ' Stutthof') lies 55km east of Gdask and is easily accessed by both car and bus. Arraigned 24 ex-officials and guards of the Stutthof concentration camp were judged and found guilty. In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since Stutthof was completely encircled by Soviet forces. Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. As the war ended, Jenny Barkmann attempted to evade the Red Army under a false name in the besieged city of Gdansk. Entry Filed under: 20th Century,Capital Punishment,Concentration Camps,Death Penalty,Execution,Germany,Hanged,History,Mass Executions,Mature Content,Occupation and Colonialism,Poland,Public Executions,Russia,USSR,War Crimes,Women, Tags: 1946, bischofschugel, biskupia gorka, danzig, elisabeth becker, ewa paradies, fascism, franciszek szopinski, gdansk, gerda steinhoff, holocaust, jan breit, jenny wanda barkmann, johann pauls, joseph reiter, july 4, kapos, nazi, naziism, stolzenberg, stutthof, sztutowo, tadeus kopczynski, waclaw kozlowski, wanda klaff, world war ii. Often described as one of historys cruellest women, Elizabeth Volkenrath selected thousands of women and children to be sent to the gas chambers. Millions of people suffered and died or were killed. It was not produced on an industrial scale, but still for utilitarian purpose, Soap made from human corpses Danzig Anatomical Institute, debunked rumours of industrial production of human soap in concentration camps, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Female guards in Nazi concentration camps, "History of the concentration camp in Stuttfof", "Stutthof, the first Nazi concentration camp outside Germany", "Mennonites and the Holocaust: From Collaboration to Perpetuation", Datos de 295 Mujeres Pertenecientes a la SS: Christel Bankewitz, Stutthof, "Norske vakter jobbet i Hitlers konsentrasjonsleire", "PHASE II: THE GERMAN OCCUPATION OF ESTONIA IN 19411944", "Klooga Concentration Camp and Holocauts Memorial. Between 25th April and 31th May before the Special Law Court at Danzig a trial was held against guards of the Stutthof Concentration Camp The accused were : 1. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Contents Tour to stutthof concentration camp Camp Staff Prisoners Conditions The Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof. The trial lasted from March 18, 1946 to May 13, 1946. Required fields are marked *. Inside of the barbed wire fences, horror and brutality was administered by the SS guards and workers inside of the camps. She kicked the prisoners and literally walked over people. More than 60,000 people died in the camp. Your email address will not be published. A former SS guard wept in the dock on the first day of his trial for complicity in mass murder at a Nazi concentration camp during the second world war . In 1945, she was captured by the American forces after attempting to flee to Bavaria. [3] The first executions were carried out on 11 January and 22 March 1940 89 Polish activists and government officials were shot. Subscribe to this by clicking this link:https://www.youtube.com/c/TheFortresssThanks for watching! After the war a number of war crimes trials took place called the Stutthof Trials, and following these there were a number of executions. During the Holocaust, the Aufseherinnen were the female guards in the concentration camps. She is accused of having assisted those responsible at the camp in the systematic killing of Jewish prisoners, Polish partisans and Soviet Russian prisoners of war between June 1943 and April 1945. She is believed to have spent her childhood in Hamburg, Germany. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was. Koch told the court the shades were goatskin, and prosecutors at the trial found there was no evidence to prove they were human flesh. Arraigned 20 ex-officials and guards were judged; nineteen were found guilty, and one was acquitted. About 5,000 prisoners from Stutthof subcamps were marched to the Baltic Sea coast, forced into the water, and machine gunned. Not all of the Stutthof camp remains and the site is now a memorial. Even then, she continued kicking me, then walked away and left me there.. Thirty-four female guards including Becker, Bothe, Steinhoff, Paradies, and Barkmann were identified later as having committed crimes against humanity. The trial is set to begin in October. $156.33. Inside the Third Reichs concentration camps were scores of evil guards capable of committing horrible and sadistic acts. Like many of his fellow inmates, the man would be murdered and stripped of his skin - which would be used to make a lampshade in Kochs home. Tragiczny los ydowskich winiarek z Baukomando Weichsel, "Ermittlungen gegen frheren KZ-Wachmann aus Wuppertal", "Holocaust trial: Germany tries former SS guard at Stutthof camp", "German court suspends trial of ex-SS death camp guard", "Prozess gegen frheren SS-Wachmann steht vor dem Aus", "Holocaust trial: Former Stutthof guard on trial in Germany", "Former Concentration Camp Guard Convicted in Germany", "Nazi Stutthof camp secretary flees as German trial starts", "Former Nazi camp secretary goes on trial over murders of 11,000 people", "Itzehoe: Ehemalige KZ-Sekretrin vor Prozessbeginn geflohen", "Imrgard Furchner: Nazi typist guilty of complicity in 10,505 murders", "97-year-old former Nazi secretary sentenced for involvement in more than 10,000 murders", Monografia KL Stutthof (KL Stutthof monograph), Execution of concentration camp guards at Biskupia Gorka, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stutthof_trials&oldid=1135657965, This page was last edited on 26 January 2023, at 01:03. The prosecution accuses her of participating in the murder of inmates in the Stutthof concentration camp in present-day Poland, where she worked as a typist and secretary to the camp commander . There were also Polish Jews from Warsaw and Bialystok, and Jews from forced-labor camps in the occupied Baltic states, which the Germans evacuated in 1944 as Soviet forces approached. It was also the last camp liberated by the Allies, on 9 May 1945. In June 2022, a 101-year-old former guard at the Sachsenhausen concentration camp (north of Berlin) was sentenced to five years in prison. Among these sites was the Stutthof camp. Further in the background is the guard SS-Oberscharfhrer Johann Pauls and several Polish kapos. Semkw states that the presence of human fat tissue has been confirmed in the samples of soapy grease (claimed to be "unfinished soap"[23]) from Danzig presented during the trials through analysis performed by the IPN and Gdask University of Technology in 2011[24][25] and 2006,[26][27] respectively, but his and Tomkiewicz research concluded that this was a byproduct stemming from Spanner's work in bone maceration at the institute unrelated to the Stutthof camp.

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