We fought that day until nightfall, without a single Indian having surrendered to us- they fighting bravely on like lions. 78-79, we read: how tall was chief tuscaloosa. Please complete the captcha to let us know you are a real person. The present-day city of Tuscaloosa, Alabama is named in his honor. He was . Tuscaloosa Police Chief Steve Anderson says he was "disgusted" by the actions of the two officers. These developments, together with the region's growing economy, increased the number of the town's inhabitants to 4,250 by 1845, but after the departure of the capital to Montgomery, population fell to 1,950 in 1850. This semi . After the end of the battle as described, they rested there until the 14th of November, caring for their wounds and their horses, and they burned over much of the country. There are no volunteers for this cemetery. 1 Why was Chief Tuscaloosa called Black Warrior? 16th Century Native American Leader. By October 1540, the Expedition had reached the middle of modern-day Alabama. The Mabilians danced and sang to the Spaniards, seemingly to allay their fears and to distract them. He was the suzerain of many territories, and of numerous people, being equally feared by his vassals and the neighbouring nations. Why was Chief Tuscaloosa called Black Warrior? DeSoto took Chief Tuskaloosa hostage because he refused to provide De Soto meals and men to carry his supplies. Try again later. On May 30th, 1539, the recently appointed governor of Cuba, Hernando de Soto, drops anchor in the bay of Tampa, Florida. Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. how tall was chief tuscaloosa. His name is derived from the western Muskogean language elements "taska" and "losa," which means "Black Warrior." Failed to remove flower. Include gps location with grave photos where possible. Location. Oops, something didn't work. --75.175.67.155 (talk) 22:46, 18 February 2011 (UTC), The language of the article is convoluted and over elaborate, in some sections sounding as if it's been taken directly from dated, awkwardly translated chronicles. While the spectacle unfolded, Tuskaloosa told de Soto he was tired of marching with the Spaniards, and wished to stay in Mabila. Marker is on 6th Street west of 21st Avenue, on the left when traveling west. When de Soto and his males met Chief Tuskaloosa, he was described as tall and well built. Write your answer. And up to the time when they left there, the total deaths from the time the Governor and his forces entered the land of Florida, were one hundred and two Christians, and not all, to my thinking, in true repentance. Please enter your email and password to sign in. 16th Century Native American Leader . He was the suzerain of many . He was peaceably disposed towards the whites, and sided with them in the war of 1813. "You get very tired of running. He was the suzerain of many territories, and of numerous people, being equally feared by his vassals and the neighbouring nations. De Soto ordered Tuskaloosa to have his people produced or he would be burned at the stake; the chief said only that the men would be returned at Mabila. Marker is in Government Plaza. This was believed to comprise what is now the Southern United States. Your Scrapbook is currently empty.

. After learning about Maria Tallchief, read about Ira Hayes, the Native American immortalized at Iwo Jima. The Spaniards knew something was amiss: the population of the town was almost exclusively male, young warriors and men of status. What are various methods available for deploying a Windows application? His people were possibly ancestors to the several southern Native American confederacies (the Choctaw and Creek peoples) who later emerged in the region. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. From Old World Roots of the Cherokee, chapter 5, "America's Middle Ages," pp. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. (Great map, by the way.) Later maps showed Tuscaloosa as a town, an area, and a river. Here the Spaniards began noticing signs of resistance from the native population. One hundred-forty eight were wounded, some multiple times. You have chosen this person to be their own family member. Is this a mistake? Year should not be greater than current year. Please contact Find a Grave at [emailprotected] if you need help resetting your password. How tall is Chief Keef. It appears to be devoted too much to sources about de Soto, rather than establishing Tuskaloosa and his province. Once their palisade was breached, they were too crowded in the village to mount a successful defense. records describe the paramount chief as being very tall and well built, with some of the chroniclers saying Tuaskaloosa stood a foot and a half taller than the Spaniards. Its easier for people to place a picture of how tall he was when they have a ROUNDED WHOLE NUMBER. [12] Forty-five horses were slainan irreplaceable loss. I grew up in Tuscaloosa Alabama and have crossed over the Black Warrior River and did not know it was named after him. the chief town of the domain of Chief Tuscaloosa, which was probably located somewhere in what is now Clarke County. We entered the town and set it on fire, whereby a number of Indians were burned, and all that we had was consumed, so that there remained not a thing. The Indians lost . This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Knights of the Order of St. John of Rhodes, "A Narrative of de Soto's Expedition based on the Diary of Rodrigo Ranjel", http://www.siu.edu/~anthro/muller/RRanjel.htm, "Juego de caas-Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre", http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juego_de_ca%C3%B1as, http://www.usouthal.edu/archaeology/pdf/issue-17.pdf, "Relation of the Conquest of Florida presented by LUYS HERNANDEZ de BIEDMA", http://www.siu.edu/~anthro/muller/Biedma/Biedma_frame.html. Parkwells (talk) 18:52, 4 October 2011 (UTC), Noted that there is a main article on Mabila and the battle, which suggests that the section on the battle should be summarized more here.Parkwells (talk) 23:20, 4 October 2011 (UTC), The infobox says Tuskaloosa was the chief of Tuskaloosa. Age: 42 Height: 5'11" Born: May 7, 2518 Along with the Master Chief and the Weapon, the "Pilot" figures as one of Halo Infinite's three central characters. De Soto and several of his men dismounted and entered the town, as the native bearers placed the Spaniards' supplies next to the palisade. [Tuskaloosa]'s appearance was full of dignity he was tall of person, muscular, lean, and symmetrical. We entered the town and set it on fire, whereby a number of Indians were burned, and all that we had was consumed, so that there remained not a thing. [13] De Soto continued to lead his expedition to the Mississippi River, where he died in 1542 in present-day Arkansas or Louisiana. English [Tuskaloosa]'s appearance was full of dignity he was tall of person, muscular, lean, and symmetrical. Once the Chief of Talisi had showed his obedience by supplying the Spaniards with requested deerskins, food, bearers and women, de Soto released him, whom they had held hostage while traveling through his territory. But, at the end of what became called the Battle of Mabila, up to 6000 Indians were dead. Try again later. As such the chief may have had dual allegiances to both chiefdoms and balanced between them. Please check your email and click on the link to activate your account. It does not store any personal data. I like the new layout, and the new info Rob, was just wondering tho, "Cacique (Chief) of Tastaluca", is that a typo? 8th Street Fall City, WA 98024 425-222-0778 877-570-2267 . By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. Chapter VII-In which is related what happened to the commander Hernando de Soto, in his intercourse with the Chief of Tascaluzawho was such a tall man that he seemed a giant: Sunday, October 10, 1540, the Governor entered the village of Tascalua, which is called Athahachi, a recent village. She was likely the mother of his successor as chief, as the tribe had a matrilineal kinship system. This reminded the Spaniards of rural dances in their own country. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". This is a serious mistake. The man refused, and a Spaniard grabbed him; in the ensuing scuffle, the chief had his arm cut off by the Spaniard's sword. 33 12.565 N, 87 33.901 W. Marker is in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, in Tuscaloosa County. Descubr lo que tu empresa podra llegar a alcanzar. There were several women, but no children. She passed away in April of 2013 at the age of 88. The Utes and Paiutes spoke of a hideous race of cannibals ten feet tall living in caves. He informed de Soto that they would have to go to his town of Mabila (or Mauvila)[6] to receive the women. Associate Director, Nursing and Patient Care Services. I made the following changes: When you have finished reviewing my changes, you may follow the instructions on the template below to fix any issues with the URLs. Tuscaloosa: The Black Warrior. New York City Ballet Archives. What experience do you need to become a teacher? a True Choctaw Chief. Yet, about 12 years after the heist, she realized she was tired of being a fugitive, and prison was an okay alternative. The expedition began making plans to leave the next day, and Tuskaloosa relented, providing bearers for the Spaniards. Through snake-infested waters, and above jagged-shaped mountains, De Soto's . The present-day town of Tuscaloosa, Alabama is named in his honor. Oops, we were unable to send the email. . Tuskaloosa then told de Soto and his expedition to leave in peace, or he would be forced to leave. Home; Comments; Latest; Celebs My Height; Top 50; Youtube Videos; Chief Keef's Height 5ft 11 (180.3 cm) American rapper known for songs like 'Love Sosa', 'Earned It' and 'Faneto'. De Soto refused, and the chief asked to confer with some of his nobles in one of the large dwellings on the plaza. In 1925, the Merchants' Bank & Trust Building became what is still Tuscaloosa's tallest building. Tallchief told NBC News she became a chambermaid at a hotel as she raised her young son, and she didn't know if Solis came looking for them. 16th Century Native American Leader.Chief Tuskaloosa. Tuskaloosa (Tuskalusa, Tastaluca, Tuskaluza) (died 1540) was a paramount chief of a Mississippian chiefdom in what is now the U.S. state of Alabama.His people were possibly ancestors to the several southern Native American confederacies (the Choctaw and Creek peoples) who later emerged in the region. Sample Post 16 June 22, 2016. Resend Activation Email. A map showing the de Soto expedition route through Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Alabama. Founded in 1816 by Thomas York on land opened to settlement after the Creek War, it was named for the Choctaw chief Tuscaloosa . Sorry! Tuskaloosa then relented and provided bearers for the expedition but told de Soto that they would have to go to the village of Mabila to receive the women. Heather Tallchief, now thought to be around 49 years old, is currently living in America and is working off the $3 million that she owes Loomis, by court order. You can customize the cemeteries you volunteer for by selecting or deselecting below. [Tuskaloosa]'s appearance was full of dignity he was tall of person, muscular, lean, and symmetrical. With this, the Mabilians attacked the Spanish, who immediately ran for the gate and their horses. Great Warriors Path Gayusuta and Washington. Make sure that the file is a photo. He resigned that position in October of 1986 to accept a position offered by . document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); On these marches the cacique in custody always rode, http://headboardsofstone.blogspot.com/2010/08/hernando-de-soto-explorer-or-greedy.html, Progress of Greater Ancestors World Museum, The Home of Greater Ancestors World Museum. While there are larger members of the Covenant such as the Jiralhanae (also known as Brutes), trailers and promos for Halo have yet . As de Soto approached the town, the chief of Mabila came out to greet him, bringing him three robes of marten skins as a gift. The article needs to be renamed and we need better consistency throughout. "Tuskaloosa's domain") instead of an official name? The natives had made two serious mistakes: they had not realized the Spaniards' advantage when mounted on horses, and they had relied too heavily on their palisade. He died in Washington in 1825, while in attendance there with a delegation of his tribe. As such the chief may have had dual allegiances to both chiefdoms and balanced between them. how tall was chief tuskaloosa. Grunt - 4 feet 6.5 inches. BIG WARRIOR, a man of much prudence and shrewdness, was a native of Alabama, and a pure-blood Indian. Records show that in 1900 the Tuscaloosa Police Department consisted of Chief of Police Anthony Gill and officers H.F. Burks, J.A. This was particularly true with the Spaniards, who were notoriously callous and given divine writ to exploit and enslave the in dios under the Papal bulls of 1452 and 1493. http://www.burlingtonnews.net/giants2.html, http://headboardsofstone.blogspot.com/2010/08/hernando-de-soto-explorer-or-greedy.html to bear him. The villagers then retaliated by attacking the Spanish, who bolted for the gate and their horses. Try again later. Does Tuscaloosa mean Black Warrior? Forty-five horses were slain, an irreplaceable loss, and all of de Soto's provisions and equipment was consumed in the fire. Heironymous Rowe (talk) 04:26, 3 October 2008 (UTC). [7] It had a wooden palisade encircling it, with bastions every so often for archers to shoot from. Tuskaloosa is notable for leading the Battle of Mabila at his fortified village against the Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto. knoxville police department hiring process. By October 1540, de Soto's expedition had reached the middle of modern-day Alabama. Once the Spanish breached the palisade, the Mabilians were too crowded in the village to mount a successful defense. What effect did Roman farmers fear of raids on the empire have? Rank # President Height (in) Height (cm) 1: 16: Abraham Lincoln: 6 ft 4 in: 193 cm: 2: 36: Lyndon B. Johnson:

ga('create', 'UA-61159911-1', 'auto'); Upon entering the village, de Soto was taken to meet the chief under a portico on top of the mound. Afterward, when de Soto demanded porters and women from him, he initially refused and de Soto took him hostage and made plans to leave the following day. Search above to list available cemeteries. back to the future floating car model. 16th Century Native American Leader. Tuskaloosa and his chiefdom are recorded in the chronicles of Hernando de Soto's expedition, which arrived in North America in 1539. william doc marshall death. The chief of Talisi and his vassals had fled the town before them, but de Soto sent messages to the chief, who returned on September 25. Yeah, I tried to edit the article and include his height as approx. Nothing is known of his early life and there was no written documentation of him until the Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto came into contact with him in October 1540. This message is updated dynamically through the template {{source check}} (last update: 18 January 2022). The Spaniards knew something was amiss: the population of the town was almost exclusively male, young warriors and men of status. [8], The South Appalachian Mississippian culture Big Eddy phase has been tentatively identified as the protohistoric Province of Tuskaloosa encountered by the de Soto expedition in 1540. Your new password must contain one or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and one or more numbers or special characters. After numerous attacks and many hours (the battle lasted eight or nine hours, according to the chroniclers), the Spaniards were able to hack holes into the walls of the palisade and reenter the town and burned it. [Tuskaloosa]s appearance was full of dignity he was tall of person, muscular, lean, and symmetrical. Why are we calling Taskalusa a Choctaw? The expedition was forced to wait two days as they built rafts to cross to the north side of the river. Chief Tuskaloosa's son was found among the dead, although the chief was not. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate, or jump to a slide with the slide dots. I loathe the NET with every fiber of my being, and Jerry Stackhouse explains exactly why its so dumb. I've included the de Soto chronicle description of the various towns of the province of Tuskalusa, as well as the battle of Mabila, with it's consequences for the Mabilians and the Spanish. As if you need a source to back up the claim that "he was 7 feet tall" - do the math you idiots, if the Spaniards were averaging about 5 1/2 feet tall, what is 5.5 . At last, a pack horse accustomed to heavy burdens proved strong enough to carry the chief. At night fall the Chief began to prepare to leave and return to his village, but de Soto objected and took him into custody, thus making a formidable enemy. Jumbo Package: DeMarcco Hellams offers high praise for Ty Simpson at NFL Combine, The SEC Champs close out the regular season with a trip to Aggieland, Alabama Football Recruiting 2023: Meet the New Guys - Defensive Line, With Byron Young and DJ Dale off to the pros, Alabama has some hefty spots to fill on the defense, Roll Bama Roll Bracketology: The NET killed Cinderella. While Tuskaloosas body was never recovered, it is believe he died there as well. Tuskaloosa's province consisted of a series of villages, located mostly along the Coosa and Alabama rivers. Remove advertising from a memorial by sponsoring it for just $5. As far as I know, De Soto's account mentions only that Tuskaloosa lived in Atahachi. In 1539, De Soto landed near Tampa, Florida, with 6001,000 men and 200 horses and began a circuitous exploration of modern-day Florida, Georgia, South Carolina and Alabama, often engaging in violent conflict with the indigenous peoples. Tuskaloosa was known for being a great leader, impressive for his size and nobility, he was nearly 7 feet tall! Natives came from all of the houses and attacked the Spaniards. And along the way, his legacy proved to leave such a mark on the Spanish invaders that he is still remembered and memorialized on our maps. Christian. Write a Review. The envoy intended to assess Spanish expedition in order to prepare a trap for them. 0 Reviews. Weve updated the security on the site. Was there definitely a city or province that was also named Tuskaloosa (which seems odd as the name Tuskaloosa specifically means black warrior)? Editors have permission to delete these "External links modified" talk page sections if they want to de-clutter talk pages, but see the RfC before doing mass systematic removals. September 3, 2019. His name, derived from the western Muskogean language elements tashka and losa, means "Black Warrior".[1]. In his new position, Anderson will report directly to UA System Chancellor Finis E. St. John IV. Please take a moment to review my edit. His people were possibly ancestors to the several southern Native American confederacies (the Choctaw and Creek peoples) who later emerged in the region. 16th-century Mississippian chief in present-day Alabama, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Knights of the Order of St. John of Rhodes, Fort Toulouse-Fort Jackson State Historic Site, "A Narrative of de Soto's Expedition based on the Diary of Rodrigo Ranjel", "Mound at Fort Toulouse Fort Jackson Park", "Late Mississippian/Protohistoric Ceramic Chronology and Cultural Change in the Lower Tallapoosa and Alabama River Valleys", "Relation of the Conquest of Florida presented by Luys Hernandez de Biedma", Hopewell Culture National Historical Park, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tuskaloosa&oldid=1116875311, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from October 2018, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 18 October 2022, at 19:59. Tuscaloosa City Hall Contact Information. De Soto then asked the Chief of Mabila to demand the porters promised by Tuskaloosa, and the Spaniards would leave. View: Knights Hospitaller, Moscoso and his men mounted their horses and galloped around the plaza, playing juego de caas,[5] a dangerous sport involving jousting with lances. Zestimate Home Value: $185,000. The Christians advancing toward the women, these turned aside, and the three men behind them shot their arrows at us, when we killed two of them. The Chief refused, and one of de Soto's men grabbed him and in the ensuing scuffle, the chief had his arm cut off. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. On June 9, 1964, Tuscaloosa Police Chief William Marable asked the Rev. I have just modified one external link on Tuskaloosa. Gentleman of Elvas (1557). De Soto evidently thought Talisi was subject to Coosa, although the village was closer to Tuskaloosa. [Tuskaloosa]s appearance was full of dignity he was tall of person, muscular, lean, and symmetrical. I thought you might like to see a memorial for Chief Tuskaloosa I found on Findagrave.com. Parkwells (talk) 18:01, 4 October 2011 (UTC), It would have been more than the people of Tuskaloosa's chiefdom who were likely ancestors to the Choctaw and Creek.Parkwells (talk) 18:05, 4 October 2011 (UTC), In the article on Hernando de Soto, it says that Charles Hudson's projection/theory about de Soto's route after Mabila is not the consensus of academics and the government. The Spaniards also noticed the palisade had been recently strengthened, and that all trees, bushes and even weeds had been cleared from outside the settlement for the length of a crossbow shot. [3], St. John Order (Maltese cross). [3], Once Chief Talisi had showed his obedience by supplying the Spaniards with requested deerskins, food, bearers and women, de Soto released the paramount chief of Coosa, whom they had held hostage while traveling through his territory. His people were possibly ancestors to the several southern Native American confederacies (the Choctaw and Creek peoples) who later emerged in the region. And the chief was on a kind of balcony on a. But when he mounted Tuscaloosas feet almost touched the ground. It contains 3 bedrooms and 2 bathrooms. the Black Warrior River The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. 7 feet but it was removed for some silly reason. Here, in October, 1540, was waged one of the bloodiest battles ever . Tuskaloosa gave a city, a county, and a meandering river their name. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The story of contact with Europeans was one which rarely inured to the favor of indigenous peoples. This is not rocket science. Topics. Fire-hardened clay is a key because de Soto burned Mabila to to the ground after the battle on Oct. 18, 1540, which claimed the lives of at least 2,500 of Tuscaloosa's men and 200 Spaniards . His name, derived from the western Muskogean language elements taska and losa, means "Black Warrior". Tuscaloosa, city, seat (1819) of Tuscaloosa county, western Alabama, U.S., on the Black Warrior River about 55 miles (90 km) southwest of Birmingham. * 21+ (19+ CA-ONT) (18+ NH/WY). The Spanish rested at Talisi for several weeks, then departed on October 5. Her mother, Ruth Porter, had grown up very poor and was never able to take dancing lessons. While the spectacle unfolded, Tuskaloosa told de Soto he was tired of marching with the Spaniards, and wished to stay in Mabila. The modern city of Tuscaloosa, Alabama is named for him. I've just re-written the majority of this page, with a significant expansions, citations, illustrations. Then the natives came from all of the houses and proceeded to attack the expedition, grabbing the provisions and equipment left outside the palisade and bringing them inside the village. el silbon whistle sound how tall was chief tuscaloosa. Tuskaloosas story would end no differently than those of the countless other tribes that de Soto encountered. The Spaniards reacted by taking Tuskaloosa hostage. 6 and it has a slope rating of 119. . This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. 29290 S.E. During the next several days, they reached about one village of the Tuskaloosa province per day. His name is derived from the western Muskogean language elements taska and losa, which means Black Warrior. Also known as Tushkalusa, Tuskalusa, Tastaluca, or Tuskaluza, he was a principal chief of the ancestral Choctaw and Creek Native American confederacies who lived in a series of villages, mostly along the . Contemporary records describe the paramount chief as being very tall and well built, with some of the chroniclers saying Tuaskaloosa stood a foot and a half taller than the Spaniards. alongside the governor. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Outside the palisade in the field, they saw an older warrior haranguing younger men, or leading them in mock skirmishes and military exercises. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/111727781/chief-tuskaloosa. The Spanish rested at Talisi for several weeks, then departed on October 5. Whilldin, Alabama's leading architect, its exterior was divided into the three components of a classical column the base, shaft, and capital to break up its great height and to give it a certain familiarity. His people were possibly ancestors to the several southern Native American confederacies (the Choctaw and Creek peoples) who later emerged in the region. Crimson Tide land another athletically- gifted, ball-handling wing with a great stroke. The copper-clad dome was built on the ground and had to be raised to the top of the central 90-foot-tall . Chief Alex Miles, Administration and Technical Services. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. On these marches the cacique in custody always rode The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". After numerous assaults and many hours (the battle lasted eight or nine hours), the Spaniards were able to hack holes into the walls of the palisade and reenter the town. And as a paramount, he had numerous vassal chiefs and territories spread throughout the region many of whom you may recognize by their names, such as Chief Talisi and the town of Mabila (the latter would give its name to Mobile). JodyB 20:46, 16 April 2007 (UTC). When de Soto demanded porters and women from the chief, the chief said that he was accustomed to being served, and not vice versa. Charles Gills . "Chapter VII-In which is related what happened to the commander Hernando de Soto, in his intercourse with the Chief of Tascaluzawho was such a tall man that he seemed a giant: Sunday, October 10, 1540, the Governor entered the village of Tascalua, which is called Athahachi, a recent village. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. author and Carmen Chavez Tesser, ed (1994). Twenty-two Spaniards were slain, or died in a few days after the engagement. 'active' : 'js-change-currency' ?> //= plugin_dir_url( __FILE__ ) . The legendary battle grounds where he took on Hernando de Soto. Each village had its own chief, who was a vassal to Tuskaloosa, the paramount chief. All photos appear on this tab and here you can update the sort order of photos on memorials you manage. The tribe of Taskalusa may have become part ofthe Choctaw nation years later but that is speculation and canot be applied to a leader of this period. De Soto gave the chief a pair of boots and a red cloak to reward him for his cooperation. De Soto's men mounted their horses and galloped around the plaza in an attempt to intimidate and frighten him by jousting at him with lances but he did not become alarmed. albert chanel job . cemeteries found in will be saved to your photo volunteer list. After 25 years of service with the Tuscaloosa Police Department and nearly 11 years as chief of police, Steve Anderson has officially left the building. Biedma asserts that over five thousand were in the town, of which almost none was able to escape. According to some of de Soto's chroniclers, he was well built and stood a foot and a half taller than the Spaniards. De Soto had Tuskaloosa taken hostage.

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how tall was chief tuscaloosa