It has been shown that neurons are sensitive to reductions in the availability of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main source of energy in mitochondria, which have been reported to be vulnerable to microwave radiation [118]. Resulting Effects on the Human Body. Additionally, the number of crossings was significantly lower at 3 d after microwave radiation. Microwaves are electromagnetic waves with frequencies ranging from 300MHz to 300GHz. Role of distinct NMDA receptor subtypes at central synapses. Google Scholar. Dasdag S, Balci K, Celik M, Batun S, Kaplan A, Bolaman Z, et al. Wang H, Peng R, Zhao L, Wang S, Gao Y, Wang L, et al. However, there is little scientific evidence to demonstrate that children are more sensitive to electromagnetic radiation than adults [24, 25]. J Med Food. 2015;91:42634. Othman H, Ammari M, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Effects of prenatal exposure to WIFI signal (2.45 GHz) on postnatal development and behavior in rat: influence of maternal restraint. 2007;210:63544. Identification of a novel rat nr2b subunit gene promoter region variant and its association with microwave-induced neuron impairment. Megha K, Deshmukh PS, Banerjee BD, Tripathi AK, Ahmed R, Abegaonkar MP. Cosquer B, Kuster N, Cassel JC. 2006;79:13140. [78] exposed differentiated astroglial cells that were cultured for 14days in vitro to either continuous 900MHz waves or 900MHz waves modulated in amplitude at 50Hz using a sinusoidal wave form and 100% modulation index for 5, 10, or 20min. Pathophysiology. Calabr E, Condello S, Curr M, Ferlazzo N, Caccamo D, Magaz S, et al. Protein synthesis is necessary for dendritic spine proliferation in adult brain slices. [105] identified stable C-T mutation sites at 217 points by screening for SNPs in the GRIN2B promoter region in rats. Verma et al. PubMedGoogle Scholar. The microwave will do its intended job of heating and will start to burn (or cook) the skin tissue. However, Li et al. Repeated Wi-Fi studies show that Wi-Fi causes oxidative stress, sperm/testicular damage, neuropsychiatric effects including EEG changes, apoptosis, cellular DNA damage, endocrine changes, and calcium overload. The results of this study showed that chronic exposure to Wi-Fi electromagnetic waves might impair both unimodal and cross-modal encoding of information. However, a recent report [3] published by the Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR) noted that discussions about the thermal and non-thermal effects are misleading. To investigate whether exposure of rat brains to GMS microwaves induced DNA breaks and changes in gene expression, Belyaev et al. Synapse. & Hu, XJ. Fragopoulou et al. Int J Radiat Biol. Suhhova A, Bachmann M, Karai D, Lass J, Hinrikus H. Effect of microwave radiation on human EEG at two different levels of exposure. Chin J Radiol Med Prot. Effect of microwave electromagnetic fields on activity of energy metabolism cytochrome oxidase in cerebral cortical neurons of postnatal rats. Effect of 900 MHz radio frequency radiation on beta amyloid protein, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde in the brain. Exp Neurobiol. 1997;44:99104. Neurologic and biochemical findings and CD4/CD8 ratio in people occupationally exposed to RF and microwave. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. A popular focus among researchers is the damage that microwave radiation causes in the central nervous system, in which it can impair learning and memory. 2016;25:31827. 2011;35:36978. Toxicol Sci. PubMed Perentos A, Cuesta-Soto F, Canciamilla A, Vidal B, Pierno L, Losilla NS, et al. 2013;17:711. Clinics. Effects of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on microRNA expression in brain tissue. GSM mobile phone radiation suppresses brain glucose metabolism. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) is a tetramer composed of two NR1 and two NR2 subunits or two NR3 subunits that perform the functions of NMDAR [69, 70], and NMDAR plays key roles in synapse development, synaptic plasticity and neurological diseases. Cordless phone radiation effect flows in a human body same way in the mobile phone [13]. Wang LF, Tian DW, Li HJ, Gao YB, Wang CZ, Zhao L, et al. Wang Q, Cao Z. In 57% of military devices, Polish soldiers work in occupational protection zones. Trends Neurosci. Cookies policy. 2007;34:146779. The results suggested that chronic non-modulated, but not modulated, microwave radiation may cause anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors and calcium- and NO-related biochemical changes in the brain [77]. PLoS One. Arch Environ Health. Motawi TK, Darwish HA, Moustafa YM, Labib MM. Nuclear pyknosis and capillary congestion are also observed. increased with the growing in the number of devices that used the Microwave frequencies in. Hardell L, Carlberg M, Mild KH, Eriksson M. Case-control study on the use of mobile and cordless phones and the risk for malignant melanoma in the head and neck region. It has been reported that microwave radiation can decrease both the number and the density of dendritic spines [63]. One of the bad impacts a microwave has on humans, is that some of the acids in the food people put in the microwave, gets transformed into a type of acid which turns poisonous. More than 50% of miRNAs are found in cancer-associated regions of the genome or in fragile sites, suggesting that miRNAs also play important roles in the pathogenesis of neoplasias [96]. However, most studies have not supported the conclusion that cell phones cause brain tumors [8,9,10,11,12]. Previous studies have produced a large amount of information, and some progress has been made in theory, but the mechanisms have not yet been fully determined, and many points are still disputed. Jeong J. EEG dynamics in patients with Alzheimer's disease. PubMed Central PubMed Schz J, Waldemar G, Olsen JH, Johansen C. Risks for central nervous system diseases among mobile phone subscribers: a Danish retrospective cohort study. The interaction of microwaves with matter other than metallic conductors will be to rotate molecules and produce heat as result of that molecular motion. Microwaves are widely used in households, industry, communications, and medical and military buildings, and they provide substantial contributions to the development of human society. Hear I can show the different strength of microwave technologies. Regional cerebral glucose uptake in the 3xTG model of Alzheimer's disease highlights common regional vulnerability across AD mouse models. In industrial fields, exposure is usually occupational, and its sources include the surgical and physiotherapeutic use of diathermy, dielectric heating (i.e., heating and vulcanization applications), microwave ovens, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) medical diagnostic equipment, radar, military and research microwave systems, electricity-supplying networks, and electricity-distributing and transmitting equipment [3]. In a report by the Poland Department of Microwave Safety, occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields was analyzed in the work environment of personnel of 204 devices divided into 5 groups (surface-to-air missile system radars, aircraft and helicopters, communication devices, surveillance and height finder radars, airport radars and radio navigation systems). However, the problem with these studies is that different parameters, such as the frequency, modulation, and power density of the radiation and the irradiation time, were used to evaluate microwave radiation between studies. Annu Rev Physiol. Harmful effects of microwaves on living beings . Hassanshahi A, Shafeie SA, Fatemi I, Hassanshahi E, Allahtavakoli M, Shabani M, et al. [40] also repeated the experiment only and found that radial-arm maze performance in rats remained unchanged. 1994;10:13548. miRNAs are non-coding sequences with a length of approximately 22 nucleotides that have roles in cell development and differentiation and are also linked to signal transduction and tumorigenesis. A significant increase in ROS levels and DNA fragmentation were observed only after the astrocytes were exposed to modulated EMF for 20min, perhaps as a result of hyperstimulation of glutamate receptors. Use of mobile phones and risk of brain tumours: update of Danish cohort study. Li HJ, Peng RY, Wang CZ, Qiao SM, Yong Z, Gao YB, et al. So foods which have high water content can be very easily cooked like fresh vegetables. [39] exposed rats to microwaves (500 pps, pulse width=2s, and average whole body-specific absorption rate (SAR)=0.6W/kg) for an exposure duration of 45min, and a significant decline was observed in the rats performance, indicating that microwave radiation influenced their working memory. Chronic microwave exposures were executed with 2.45GHz of either modulated (power density, 0.029mW/cm2; specific absorption rate, 0.019W/kg with a sinusoidal modulation of 400Hz) or non-modulated continuous sinusoidal wave (power density, 0.033mW/cm2; specific absorption rate, 0.023W/kg) for 2h daily for 1month. Gold PE. Numerous mechanisms can activate oxidative stress, including electromagnetic radiation, and thereby cause molecular damage. 1988;9:33745. Bioelectromagnetics. Myung SK, Ju W, McDonnell DD, Lee YJ, Kazinets G, Cheng CT, et al. Richter ED, Berman T, Ben-Michael E, Laster R, Westin JB. Mortazavi et al. Zhao L, Peng RY, Gao YB, Wang SM, Wang LF, Dong J, et al. Electromagn Biol Med. One reason for this difference may be that the water maze experiment is driven by aversion, whereas the arm maze experiment is driven by appetite. Hinrikus H, Bachmann M, Lass J, Karai D, Tuulik V. Effect of low frequency modulated microwave exposure on human EEG: individual sensitivity. Abnormality of synaptic vesicular associated proteins in cerebral cortex and hippocampus after microwave exposure. Effects of 902 MHz electromagnetic field emitted by cellular telephones on response times in humans. Phot J. Cellular telephones and cancera nationwide cohort study in Denmark. The above results indicate a positive biological effect of microwave radiation and present a challenge with regard to how people can benefit from microwave radiation. Bull Exp Biol Med. In addition, glucose is also related to cognitive functions, and reductions in the metabolism and uptake of glucose have been observed in local regions of the brain in Alzheimers patients [107, 108]. [84] and Sharma et al. Calabr E, Magaz S. Inspections of mobile phone microwaves effects on proteins secondary structure by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Koivisto M, Krause CM, Revonsuo A, Laine M, Hmlinen H. The effects of electromagnetic field emitted by GSM phones on working memory.
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